Main articles: Ashanti Empire and Kingdom of Dagbon

Ghana was known for its large gold usage and hence was named the Land of Gold.

Ghana means 'strong warrior king' and was the title accorded to the kings of the medieval Ghana Empire in West Africa-not to be confused with today's Ghana, for the empire was further north, in modern-day Mali, Senegal and southern Mauritania, as well as in the region of Guinea. Ghana has maintained since 1993 one of the freest and most stable governments on the continent, and it performs relatively well in healthcare, economic growth, and human development, so that it has a significant influence in West Africa and is highly integrated in international affairs, being a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Group of 24, and Commonwealth of Nations. Ghana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who is both head of state and head of government. Most Ghanaians are Christians (71.3%) almost a fifth are Muslims a tenth practise traditional faiths or report no religion. Ghana is a multi-ethnic country with a diverse population, linguistic and religious groups while the Akan are the largest ethnic group, they constitute only a plurality. Ghana subsequently became influential in decolonisation efforts and the Pan-African movement. These were unified as an independent dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations on 6 March 1957, becoming the first colony in West Africa to achieve sovereignty. Following over a century of colonisation, Ghana's current borders took shape, encompassing four separate British colonial territories: Gold Coast, Ashanti, the Northern Territories, and British Togoland. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire, followed by numerous other European powers, contested the area for trading rights, until the British ultimately established control of the coast by the late 19th century. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries, of which the most powerful were the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north and the Ashanti Empire in the south. The first permanent state in present-day Ghana was the Bono state of the 11th century. The capital and largest city is Accra other major cities are Kumasi, Tamale, and Sekondi-Takoradi. With nearly 31 million inhabitants (according to the 2021 census), Ghana is the second-most populous country in West Africa, after Nigeria.

Ghana covers an area of 238,535 km 2 (92,099 sq mi), spanning diverse biomes that range from coastal savannas to tropical rainforests. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and Togo in the east. Ghana ( / ˈ ɡ ɑː n ə/ ( listen) Twi: Gaana, Ewe: Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa.

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